1. Contact |
1.1 Contact organisation |
Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics) |
1.2 Contact organisation unit |
Short-term Employment and Income Statistics Division Short-term Economic Statistics Directorate National Accounts and Economic Statistics Department |
1.3 Contact name |
1.4 Contact person function |
1.5 Contact mail address |
Via Tuscolana, 1788 - 00173 Rome - Italy |
1.6 Contact email address |
1.7 Contact phone number |
1.8 Contact fax number |
2. Statistical presentation |
2.1 Data description |
These metadata refer to the first releases of the 2013 data, that is to the data transmitted for the 45 and 70-day EU Regulation deadlines. It does not refer to the revisions of the 2013 data disseminated in June 2014, together with the data for 2014Q1. The only exception is the table on June 2014 revisions in 5.3.6.2, where the data for 2013 disseminated for the 70-day regulation deadlines are compared with the June 2014 revisions. |
2.2 Classification system |
Not available. New concept added with the migration to SIMS 2.0. Information (content) will be available after the next collection. |
2.3 Coverage - sector |
Not available. New concept added with the migration to SIMS 2.0. Information (content) will be available after the next collection. |
2.4 Statistical concepts and definitions |
Not available. New concept added with the migration to SIMS 2.0. Information (content) will be available after the next collection. |
2.5 Statistical unit |
Not available. New concept added with the migration to SIMS 2.0. Information (content) will be available after the next collection. |
2.6 Statistical population |
Not available. New concept added with the migration to SIMS 2.0. Information (content) will be available after the next collection. |
2.7 Reference area |
Not available. New concept added with the migration to SIMS 2.0. Information (content) will be available after the next collection. |
2.8 Coverage - Time |
Not available. New concept added with the migration to SIMS 2.0. Information (content) will be available after the next collection. |
2.9 Base period |
Not available. New concept added with the migration to SIMS 2.0. Information (content) will be available after the next collection. |
3. Statistical processing |
|
3.1 Source data |
Since 2012, data for both job vacancies and occupied posts are collected separately for enterprises with 10-499 employees and enterprises with at least 500 employees. For enterprises with 10-499 employees, data are collected by the Istat quarterly survey on job vacancies and hours worked (VELA). For enterprises with at least 500 employees data are collected by an extended quarterly version of a well-established census monthly Istat survey on employment, hours worked, wages and labour cost in large enterprises (LES).
Coverage:
- geographical: the whole country
- NACE: sections B to S, except O, of Nace Rev. 2
- enterprise size: 10+ employees.
Statistical unit: enterprise.
Sampling design
Base used for the sample: Both VELA and LES surveys employ the last version of the statistical business register (SBR) available at the time when the sample is drawn. For the 2013 sample, the 2011 SBR release was used.
Sampling design: The LES survey includes in its sample all the enterprises in the population with at least 500 employees. The VELA survey is based on a sample of around 15,100 enterprises with 10-499 employees, drawn via a stratified random scheme from the SBR. The VELA sample is allocated via a constrained optimisation method (where the sample size is minimised under constraints on the maximum values of the expected coefficients of variation for the interest variables in the study domains).
Retention/renewal of sampling units:
Once a year (for the wave referring to the first quarter):
- the list of all the population enterprises with at least 500 employees is updated on the basis of the SBR most recently available version, and
- around one third of the 10-499 employee sample enterprises is rotated.
Sample size: around 16,600 enterprises.
Stratification:
Economic activity, size and geographical area are used as stratification variables for the VELA sample. The considered stratification classes are the following:
- for economic activity: divisions from 05 to 36 and from 45 to 47; the aggregate of divisions 37, 38 and 39; sections F, and from H to S (excluding O);
- for size (in terms of employees): 10-19, 20-99 and 100-499;
- for geographical area: North, Centre and South (this last class includes also Sardinia and Sicily).
Sampling fractions: see table below
Economic activity (Nace Rev. 2) |
10-499 employees |
|
500+ employees(a) |
|
10+ employees |
sample firms |
SBR firms |
sampling fraction |
|
sample firms |
SBR firms |
sampling fraction |
|
sample firms |
SBR firms |
sampling fraction |
B |
456 |
525 |
86.9 |
|
1 |
1 |
100.0 |
|
457 |
526 |
86.9 |
C |
4,736 |
65,164 |
7.3 |
|
466 |
474 |
98.3 |
|
5,202 |
65,638 |
7.9 |
D |
256 |
483 |
53.0 |
|
19 |
21 |
90.5 |
|
275 |
504 |
54.6 |
E |
745 |
2,272 |
32.8 |
|
37 |
38 |
97.4 |
|
782 |
2,310 |
33.9 |
F |
1,168 |
22,522 |
5.2 |
|
26 |
29 |
89.7 |
|
1,194 |
22,551 |
5.3 |
G |
1,102 |
32,974 |
3.3 |
|
195 |
209 |
93.3 |
|
1,297 |
33,183 |
3.9 |
H |
940 |
11,794 |
8.0 |
|
121 |
128 |
94.5 |
|
1,061 |
11,922 |
8.9 |
I |
1,985 |
14,330 |
13.9 |
|
50 |
51 |
98.0 |
|
2,035 |
14,381 |
14.2 |
J |
569 |
5,530 |
10.3 |
|
76 |
77 |
98.7 |
|
645 |
5,607 |
11.5 |
K |
433 |
1,917 |
22.6 |
|
120 |
123 |
97.6 |
|
553 |
2,040 |
27.1 |
L |
376 |
601 |
62.6 |
|
1 |
2 |
50.0 |
|
377 |
603 |
62.5 |
M |
597 |
6,662 |
9.0 |
|
41 |
42 |
97.6 |
|
638 |
6,704 |
9.5 |
N |
609 |
10,344 |
5.9 |
|
196 |
212 |
92.5 |
|
805 |
10,556 |
7.6 |
P |
254 |
1,434 |
17.7 |
|
0 |
0 |
- |
|
254 |
1,434 |
17.7 |
Q |
343 |
5,702 |
6.0 |
|
84 |
85 |
98.8 |
|
427 |
5,787 |
7.4 |
R |
350 |
2,172 |
16.1 |
|
10 |
11 |
90.9 |
|
360 |
2,183 |
16.5 |
S |
204 |
2,788 |
7.3 |
|
5 |
5 |
100.0 |
|
209 |
2,793 |
7.5 |
Total B-S |
15,123 |
187,214 |
8.1 |
|
1,448 |
1,508 |
96.0 |
|
16,571 |
188,722 |
8.8 |
(a) 500+ employees firms are selected with unit inclusion probability. The sampling fraction is slightly below 100.0 in some sections because firms which are in the SBR but have been identified as no more active during the survey previous waves are not included in the sample. |
|
3.2 Frequency of data collection |
Reference dates
|
The last day of the reference quarter.
|
|
3.3 Data collection |
Brief description of the data collection method(s)
|
Remarks
|
As mentioned above in 12.1, since 2012, data are collected separately for enterprises with 10-499 employees and enterprises with at least 500 employees. For enterprises with 10-499 employees, data on job vacancies and occupied posts are collected by VELA, mainly via CATI and Web (a small share of questionnaires are transmitted by fax or email and are registered by the CATI operators). On average, in 2012, about 80% of the respondents have been interviewed through CATI (or they have sent their data via fax or mail and these data have been registered by the CATI operators) while the remaining 20% used the Web or email mode. The first time an enterprise is included in the sample, it is requested to respond via CATI, while afterwards it can opt for the Web mode. For enterprises with at least 500 employees, data on job vacancies and occupied posts are collected by LES, mainly via Web, while a small share of questionnaires are transmitted by fax or email. On average, in 2013, about 85% of the LES respondents have completed the questionnaire via Web, while the remaining 15 % have sent their data by fax or email.
|
Since 2012Q1, the wording of the JV questions has been modified, after an in depth analysis of the quality of the collected job vacancy data (including telephone follow ups) carried out during 2011. This analysis revealed that the wording used until 2011Q4 could generate some misunderstanding in the respondents. In particular, some sample enterprises misinterpreted JVs at the end of the quarter as hires during the quarter or did not include in the transmitted data some JVs (for example, those aimed at replacing workers or at fixed terms hires). The new wording of the JV questions was formulated specifically to counter the difficulties identified by this analysis. Moreover, it was tested with a small set of sample enterprises, including some of those which tended to misinterpret the previous wording, and found to be clearer for the respondents. The new wording of the JV questions is used in both VELA and LES.
|
|
3.4 Data validation |
|
3.5 Data compilation |
Brief description of the weighting method
|
Weighting dimensions
|
Unit non responses in enterprises with at least 500 employees are imputed.
All responding enterprises and the unit non response imputed records are assigned a weight via calibration. The only exception is a small list of extremely large enterprises which are assigned a unit weight.
The theoretical reference population for the calibration is made by all the enterprises with at least 10 employees in Nace Rev. 2 sections B to S which were active in the reference quarter. This population is well represented by the set of microdata of the OROS survey for the reference quarter. The OROS survey is based on the social security database of the forms that all enterprises (with at least one hour of remunerated work) have to fill each month to pay the compulsory social contributions. It is this set of microdata that is therefore used to derive the calibration constraints. The quarterly average of monthly data on jobs, as measured by OROS, is used as the auxiliary variable in the calibration.
The calibration classes are based on economic activity and enterprise size. Starting from 2010, the economic activity classes for calibration are based on Nace Rev. 2 divisions for sections from C to E, G and N, while they are based on sections for B, F, and from H to M and P to S. The considered size classes are based on employees and are thus defined: 10-19, 20-99, 100-499 and at least 500.
The initial calibration weights are based on both inclusion probabilities and response rates.
The calibration is carried out using a generalized software purposely built by Istat, Genesees, and within it, a truncated logarithmic distance function.
|
See the description of weighting methods.
|
|
3.6 Adjustment |
|
4. Quality management |
4.1 Quality assurance |
Not available. New concept added with the migration to SIMS 2.0. Information (content) will be available after the next collection. |
4.2 Quality management - assessment |
|
5. Relevance |
|
5.1 Relevance - User Needs |
Description of the national users and their main needs
|
Remarks
|
Not requested.
|
|
|
5.2 Relevance - User Satisfaction |
Extent to which the needs of national users are satisfied (voluntary)
|
Remarks
|
Not requested.
|
|
|
5.3 Completeness |
Description of missing variables and missing breakdowns of the variables
|
Report progress on the implementation measures regarding quarterly job vacancies statistics of Regulation (EC) No 453/2008, including :
- a detailed plan and timetable for completing implementation
- a summary of the remaining deviations from EU concepts
|
No missing variables or breakdown.
|
The Italian statistics on job vacancies for 2013 do not cover:
- enterprises with 1-9 employees and
- public institutions.
So far, there is no plan to extend the coverage to these enterprises and institutions.
Starting from December 2013 the coverage of the Italian statistics on job vacancies has been extended to 10+ employee private enterprises in sections P to S. Back data starting from the first quarter 2010 have also been disseminated at that time.
Deviation from EU concepts:
- job vacancies do not include those for managers;
- job vacancies and occupied posts for employees of the temporary work agencies (including temporary workers) are not included in the published figures. Figures for agency workers are not included either in the data of the enterprises where they actually work.
|
|
5.3.1 Data completeness - rate |
|
6. Accuracy and reliability |
|
6.1 Accuracy - overall |
|
6.2 Sampling error |
|
6.2.1 Sampling error - indicators |
6.3 Non-sampling error |
Information on variables with non-negligible measurement and processing errors
|
Information on main sources of (non-negligible) measurement and processing errors and, if available, on methods applied for correction
|
Estimation bias: An assessment of the non-sampling errors, in terms of the absolute number of vacant posts, for the total number of job vacancies and, where possible, for aggregation level of NACE Rev. 2 specified in Annex 1 to this Regulation and size classes (1-9, 10 + employees).
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Remarks
|
Number of occupied posts.
|
For all the enterprises with 10-499 employees, occupied posts are checked by comparing them with the OROS microdata: if the data collected by the two sources differ substantially and there are signals that the difference is due to problems in those of the VELA survey, occupied posts are imputed by a nearest neighbour donor imputation, using OROS employment as matching variable. For large enterprises (500+ employees), occupied posts collected and edited by the monthly survey LES are used. They are very accurate, due to the work of Istat experts who follow each enterprise along time.
|
None.
|
|
|
6.3.1 Coverage error |
Description of any difference between the reference population and the study population
|
Description of classification errors
|
Description of any difference between the reference dates and the reference quarter
|
Any other relevant information
|
The main difference between the reference and the study population depends on the enterprises beginning and finishing their activities in the reference population between the SBR reference year and the survey reference quarter. An attempt at measuring these errors is made, on the basis of the assumption that the OROS list for the reference quarter is a better representation of the population of enterprises with at least 10 employees which were active in the quarter than the most recent version of the SBR.
See the following tables:
- coverage errors 1: enterprises in the 2011 SBR and in the sample drawn from it which are not in the average grossing up reference population (OROS) for 2013
Economic activity (Nace Rev. 2) |
sample firms |
|
firms in the population lists |
total |
in OROS |
not in OROS (%) |
|
in the 2011 SBR |
both in the 2011 SBR and in OROS 2013 |
not in OROS 2013 (%) |
B |
457 |
439 |
3.9 |
|
526 |
507 |
3.7 |
C |
5,202 |
4,938 |
5.1 |
|
65,638 |
59,637 |
9.1 |
D |
275 |
270 |
1.7 |
|
504 |
476 |
5.7 |
E |
782 |
743 |
5.0 |
|
2,310 |
2,169 |
6.1 |
F |
1,194 |
1,086 |
9.1 |
|
22,551 |
19,734 |
12.5 |
G |
1,297 |
1,235 |
4.8 |
|
33,183 |
30,446 |
8.2 |
H |
1,061 |
918 |
13.5 |
|
11,922 |
9,927 |
16.7 |
I |
2,035 |
1,863 |
8.4 |
|
14,382 |
12,792 |
11.1 |
J |
645 |
606 |
6.1 |
|
5,607 |
5,131 |
8.5 |
K |
553 |
535 |
3.3 |
|
2,040 |
1,855 |
9.1 |
L |
377 |
314 |
16.7 |
|
603 |
502 |
16.8 |
M |
638 |
606 |
5.0 |
|
6,704 |
6,114 |
8.8 |
N |
805 |
725 |
9.9 |
|
10,557 |
8,813 |
16.5 |
P |
254 |
246 |
3.3 |
|
1434 |
1,299 |
9.4 |
Q |
427 |
416 |
2.7 |
|
5787 |
5,415 |
6.4 |
R |
360 |
311 |
13.5 |
|
2183 |
1,761 |
19.4 |
S |
209 |
198 |
5.5 |
|
2793 |
2,502 |
10.4 |
Total B-S |
16,571 |
15,447 |
6.8 |
|
188,724 |
169,076 |
10.4 |
- coverage errors 2: enterprises in the average 2013 OROS list which are not in the 2011 SBR.
Economic activity (Nace Rev. 2) |
firms in the 2013 OROS list |
firms in the 2011 SBR and in the 2013 OROS list |
firms not in the 2011 SBR (%) |
B |
418 |
379 |
9.3 |
C |
57,743 |
50,793 |
12.0 |
D |
510 |
426 |
16.4 |
E |
2,131 |
1,903 |
10.7 |
F |
16,882 |
13,196 |
21.8 |
G |
28,858 |
24,156 |
16.3 |
H |
10,834 |
8,025 |
25.9 |
I |
15,512 |
9,440 |
39.1 |
J |
5,169 |
4,179 |
19.2 |
K |
1,937 |
1,612 |
16.8 |
L |
790 |
350 |
55.6 |
M |
6,032 |
4,833 |
19.9 |
N |
9,803 |
6,973 |
28.9 |
P |
1,464 |
1,086 |
25.8 |
Q |
5,669 |
4,801 |
15.3 |
R |
2,115 |
1,290 |
39.0 |
S |
2,574 |
1,928 |
25.1 |
Total B-S |
168,439 |
135,369 |
19.6 |
Note that the comparisons with OROS are based on the averages of the figures obtained considering OROS for each of the four quarters of 2013.
|
Firms with different economic activity sections or size classes(a) in the 2011 SBR or in the sample drawn from it with respect to the average for the 2013 OROS list, by Nace rev. 2 section |
Economic activity (Nace Rev. 2) |
sample firms |
|
SBR firms |
with different economic activity sections (%) |
with different size classes (%) |
|
with different economic activity sections (%) |
with different size classes (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
B |
0.0 |
9.5 |
|
0.0 |
8.8 |
C |
0.1 |
10.6 |
|
0.0 |
9.7 |
D |
0.0 |
12.0 |
|
0.0 |
12.6 |
E |
0.0 |
14.2 |
|
0.0 |
12.6 |
F |
0.0 |
15.9 |
|
0.0 |
13.0 |
G |
0.0 |
11.8 |
|
0.0 |
9.9 |
H |
0.1 |
18.4 |
|
0.0 |
15.9 |
I |
0.0 |
17.4 |
|
0.0 |
16.1 |
J |
0.3 |
16.3 |
|
0.0 |
14.4 |
K |
0.0 |
11.3 |
|
0.0 |
11.0 |
L |
1.5 |
12.4 |
|
1.0 |
12.8 |
M |
0.2 |
14.5 |
|
0.1 |
11.0 |
N |
0.1 |
20.3 |
|
0.1 |
20.1 |
P |
0.0 |
15.4 |
|
0.1 |
15.6 |
Q |
0.2 |
12.8 |
|
0.0 |
14.1 |
R |
0.0 |
22.9 |
|
0.1 |
23.8 |
S |
0.0 |
13.8 |
|
0.1 |
11.4 |
Total B-S |
0.1 |
13.8 |
|
0.0 |
12.1 |
(a) The considered size classes are: 10-19 employees, 20-99 employees, 100-499 employees and 500+ employees. While the size class in the SBR and in the sample are based on the number of employees in the SBR (that is on the average number of employees in 2011), the size class in OROS in each reference quarter is based on the number of employees in the reference quarter itself (measured as the average of the number of employees to whom at least one hour of work has been paid in each of the three months of the quarter). |
|
The reference date for both job vacancies and occupied posts is the last day of the reference quarter.
|
|
|
6.3.1.1 Over-coverage - rate |
|
6.3.1.2 Common units - proportion |
|
6.3.2 Measurement error |
|
6.3.3 Non response error |
|
6.3.3.1 Unit non-response - rate |
Unit response rate
|
See the following table for unit response rates (as the percentage ratios between the number of respondents and the number of contacted enterprises in the quarter) by economic activity.
Economic activity (Nace Rev. 2) |
2013Q1 |
2013Q2 |
2013Q3 |
2013Q4 |
2013 Mean |
B |
80.1 |
82.4 |
81.5 |
83.5 |
81.9 |
C |
83.8 |
84.8 |
84.8 |
85.4 |
84.7 |
D |
85.7 |
88.2 |
87.5 |
90.6 |
88.0 |
E |
78.2 |
78.6 |
77.8 |
80.7 |
78.8 |
F |
70.9 |
70.4 |
69.2 |
72.2 |
70.7 |
G |
82.2 |
83.2 |
83.8 |
85.7 |
83.8 |
H |
65.6 |
65.8 |
65.1 |
67.4 |
66.0 |
I |
66.8 |
67.7 |
69.3 |
72.6 |
69.1 |
J |
78.7 |
79.4 |
79.8 |
79.7 |
79.4 |
K |
85.7 |
85.5 |
86.3 |
87.8 |
86.3 |
L |
55.8 |
59.1 |
59.7 |
63.2 |
59.5 |
M |
83.2 |
85.3 |
83.4 |
85.0 |
84.2 |
N |
70.6 |
72.2 |
72.9 |
72.7 |
72.1 |
P |
75.6 |
78.3 |
77.1 |
82.3 |
78.3 |
Q |
82.8 |
82.6 |
84.8 |
86.3 |
84.1 |
R |
62.6 |
68.9 |
69.5 |
73.5 |
68.6 |
S |
74.5 |
75.1 |
75.1 |
75.0 |
74.9 |
Total B-S |
77.0 |
78.0 |
78.2 |
79.9 |
78.3 |
|
|
6.3.3.2 Item non-response - rate |
|
6.3.4 Processing error |
|
6.3.4.1 Imputation - rate |
Item imputation rate and methods and, where possible, the effect of imputation on the estimates for the variables transmitted
|
quarter |
year |
respondents (including the imputed unit nonresponses) |
imputed unit nonresponse |
imputed measurement errors |
imputed unit nonresponse (percentage) |
imputed measurement errors (percentage) |
1 |
2013 |
12,420 |
240 |
41 |
1.9 |
0.3 |
2 |
2013 |
10,472 |
271 |
37 |
2.6 |
0.4 |
3 |
2013 |
12,444 |
230 |
38 |
1.8 |
0.3 |
4 |
2013 |
12,472 |
207 |
49 |
1.7 |
0.4 |
Imputation of occupied posts (as described in 5.3).
Job vacancies (for non responding 500+ employee enterprises and for the smaller sample enterprises with item non responses) by nearest neighbour donor imputation.
|
|
6.3.5 Model assumption error |
If modelling is used, include a description of the models used. Particular emphasis should be given to models for imputation or grossing-up to correct for unit non-response.
|
Job vacancies imputation methods:
• in enterprises with less than 10,000 employees: by hot deck nearest neighbour donation (variables in the distance function: occupied posts, lagged job vacancy rates, lagged hiring rates, lagged occupied posts’ growth rate);
• in enterprises with at least 10,000 employees: if sufficient auxiliary information is available, on the basis of a time series model on the data of the concerned enterprise, with lagged job vacancy and hiring rates among the regressors.
Grossing up is done by calibrating to the known totals of the OROS measure of occupied posts in cells defined by economic activity and size.
This procedure is used also as correction for unit non response, under the assumption that the response probability is constant among enterprises within each calibration cell.
|
|
6.4 Seasonal adjustment |
Brief description of seasonal adjustment procedures, in particular with regard to the European Statistical System guidelines on seasonal adjustment which have been endorsed and supported by the SPC.
|
Seasonal adjustment is carried out with Tramo Seats. No equality constraint over the year between raw and seasonally adjusted data is imposed. A direct approach and partial concurrent adjustment are used. Extensive use of quality measures is made both in the identification of the models and in the validation of results.
|
|
6.5 Data revision - policy |
|
6.6 Data revision - practice |
Provide a revision history, including the revisions in the published number of job vacancies and a summary of the reasons for the revisions.
|
Each year in June, when the data for the first quarter of a year are published, revisions of the previous eight quarters are also disseminated.
Reasons for revisions:
- inclusion of late responses (i.e. arrived after the first publication of the quarterly figures);
- the revision of the auxiliary sources which are used for editing and imputation and calibration.
See the following table for a comparison of figures for 2013 transmitted for the 70-day regulation deadline with those disseminated in June 2014.
SECTION |
YEAR |
QUARTER |
REVISED JVR |
ORIGINAL JVR |
DIFFERENCE (REVISED-ORIGINAL) |
B |
2013 |
1 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.0 |
C |
2013 |
1 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
D |
2013 |
1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
E |
2013 |
1 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
-0.1 |
F |
2013 |
1 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.0 |
G |
2013 |
1 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
H |
2013 |
1 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
I |
2013 |
1 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
0.1 |
J |
2013 |
1 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.0 |
K |
2013 |
1 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
L |
2013 |
1 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.0 |
M |
2013 |
1 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.0 |
N |
2013 |
1 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.0 |
P |
2013 |
1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
Q |
2013 |
1 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
R |
2013 |
1 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.0 |
S |
2013 |
1 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
Tot |
2013 |
1 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.0 |
B |
2013 |
2 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
-0.1 |
C |
2013 |
2 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
D |
2013 |
2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
E |
2013 |
2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
F |
2013 |
2 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.0 |
G |
2013 |
2 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.1 |
H |
2013 |
2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
I |
2013 |
2 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
0.1 |
J |
2013 |
2 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
-0.1 |
K |
2013 |
2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
L |
2013 |
2 |
0.9 |
1.1 |
-0.2 |
M |
2013 |
2 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.0 |
N |
2013 |
2 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.0 |
P |
2013 |
2 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.0 |
Q |
2013 |
2 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.0 |
R |
2013 |
2 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
0.1 |
S |
2013 |
2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
Tot |
2013 |
2 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.0 |
B |
2013 |
3 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
-0.1 |
C |
2013 |
3 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
-0.1 |
D |
2013 |
3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
E |
2013 |
3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
F |
2013 |
3 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.0 |
G |
2013 |
3 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
H |
2013 |
3 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
I |
2013 |
3 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
J |
2013 |
3 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.0 |
K |
2013 |
3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
L |
2013 |
3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
M |
2013 |
3 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.0 |
N |
2013 |
3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
P |
2013 |
3 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
0.0 |
Q |
2013 |
3 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
R |
2013 |
3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
S |
2013 |
3 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
-0.1 |
Tot |
2013 |
3 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
B |
2013 |
4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
C |
2013 |
4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
D |
2013 |
4 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
0.0 |
E |
2013 |
4 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
F |
2013 |
4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
G |
2013 |
4 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
H |
2013 |
4 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
I |
2013 |
4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
J |
2013 |
4 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.0 |
K |
2013 |
4 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
L |
2013 |
4 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.0 |
M |
2013 |
4 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.0 |
N |
2013 |
4 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
P |
2013 |
4 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
Q |
2013 |
4 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
R |
2013 |
4 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
S |
2013 |
4 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
Tot |
2013 |
4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
Furthermore, the preliminary confidential estimates for the entire reference population, which are transmitted to Eurostat within 45 days from the end of the reference quarter, can be revised when the data for the Nace Rev. 2 sections for that quarter are produced for the 70-day regulation deadline: see the following table.
quarter |
year |
JVR for 45 day deadline |
JVR for 70 day deadline |
Difference (70 days - 45 days) |
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
2013 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.0 |
2 |
2013 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.1 |
3 |
2013 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
4 |
2013 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.1 |
|
|
6.6.1 Data revision - average size |
|
7. Timeliness and punctuality |
|
7.1 Timeliness |
|
7.1.1 Time lag - first result |
Information on the time span between the release of data at national level and the reference period of the data.
|
Dates of press releases in Italy for data for 2013: 76 days after the end of the reference quarter on average.
|
|
7.1.2 Time lag - final result |
|
7.2 Punctuality |
|
7.2.1 Punctuality - delivery and publication |
Deadlines for the respondents to reply, also covering recalls and follow-ups
|
Period of the fieldwork
|
Period of data processing
|
Dates of publication of first results
|
Remarks
|
On the whole, around 50 days on average are allowed for replies for the first, third and fourth quarters data:
- enterprises have about 40 days from the end of the reference quarter to reply,
- the following week is dedicated to follow-up of non respondents.
Due to the enterprises summer holiday period (that for most of them takes place in August), for the data for the second quarter, almost 80 days are allowed for replies:
- enterprises have about 70 days from the end of the reference quarter to reply,
- the following week is dedicated to follow-up of non respondents.
|
In general, for the data for the first, third and fourth quarters, the CATI data collection period lasts about 33 days (from 7 to 40 days after the end of the reference quarter). An exceptional extension of the CATI data collection period can be granted when a newly updated sample contains more enterprises for which telephone numbers have not been tested in previous survey waves (that is for the first quarter of a year wave).
For the data for the second quarter, the CATI data collection period goes from the 7th to the 40th day after the reference quarter and from the 55th to the 70th day.
The same data collection periods apply also to the Web mode.
This activity lasts approximately one working week.
|
Three working days for the preliminary estimates (at 45 days after the end of the reference quarter); five working days for the national release and the production of the figures for the 70-day EU Regulation deadline.
|
Preliminary confidential estimates within 45 days from the end of the reference quarter, only for the entire reference population.
For the estimates by Nace Rev. 2 section: transmission to Eurostat within the 70 day EU Regulation deadline; press releases in Italy for data for 2013 around 76 days after the end of the reference quarter.
|
|
|
8. Coherence and comparability |
|
8.1 Comparability - geographical |
Information on differences between national and European concepts, and — to the extent possible — their effects on the estimation.
|
Job vacancies for managers are not considered.
There is no estimate of the effects of this exclusion on the disseminated aggregate data. However, since the share of employees which are managers is very low these effects should be negligible.
|
|
8.1.1 Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient |
|
8.2 Comparability - over time |
Information on changes in definitions, coverage and methods in any two consecutive quarters, and their effects on the estimation.
|
Remarks
|
Starting from the fourth quarter 2007, data have been collected referring to the Nace Rev. 2 classification, while previously they had been collected on the basis of the Nace Rev. 1.1.
The time series for the Nace Rev. 2 B to N sections have been calculated after the transition to this new classification version also for the period from the first quarter 2004 to the third quarter 2007.
However, due to some relevant differences in the definitions of the sections in the two Nace versions, data for some service sections (in particular, Nace Rev. 2 sections M and N) referring to the period before the fourth quarter 2007 are less accurate and thus less comparable with current data.
Moreover, data referring to Nace Rev.2 section L for the period before the fourth quarter 2007 are not very accurate, due to the very small number of respondents.
Finally, data referring to the economic activities in section E (and to a lesser extent J) which were not included in Nace Rev 1.1 sections C-K are completely reconstructed at the macro level for the period before the fourth quarter 2007 and are therefore not very accurate.
Starting the first quarter 2010 the coverage of job vacancy statistics has been extended from 10+ employee private enterprises in Nace Rev. 2 B to N sections to 10+ employee private enterprises in Nace Rev. 2 B to N and P to S sections. The data on sections P to S have been published starting from December 2013.
|
|
|
8.2.1 Length of comparable time series |
|
8.3 Coherence - cross domain |
Comparisons of data on the number of vacant jobs from other relevant sources when available, in total and broken down by NACE at section level when relevant, and reasons if the values differ considerably.
|
No other source of vacant jobs is available for comparison.
The Beveridge curve (see below) seems coherent with the economic cycle experienced by the country in 2012 and 2013. The job vacancy rate seems to give meaningful signals on the developments on the demand side of the labour market.
This happens even if the job vacancy rate does not refer to the entire economy.
Country |
Italy |
Beveridge Curve for Italy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Section |
2010Q4 |
2011Q1 |
2011Q2 |
2011Q3 |
2011Q4 |
2012Q1 |
2012Q2 |
2012Q3 |
2012Q4 |
2013Q1 |
2013Q2 |
2013Q3 |
2013Q4 |
2014Q1 |
UR |
8.5 |
8.3 |
8.2 |
8.2 |
8.4 |
9.0 |
9.7 |
10.2 |
10.7 |
11.2 |
11.6 |
12.0 |
12.2 |
12.4 |
JVR |
0.68 |
0.73 |
0.78 |
0.78 |
0.78 |
0.73 |
0.63 |
0.58 |
0.53 |
0.48 |
0.48 |
0.45 |
0.45 |
0.48 |
see Annex 1
As it can be seen in the following figure and table, in 2013 occupied posts at the denominator of the job vacancy rate represent around half of all the LFS employees. This is due to the fact that job vacancy statistics do not cover businesses with less than 10 employees or public institutions. The difference between LFS employees and occupied posts is therefore especially large in the Nace sections where the share of employment in 1-9 employee businesses or public institutions is bigger.
|
IT |
|
|
Section |
Employees |
Posts |
Relative difference (emp/posts) |
B |
32,136 |
23,959 |
34% |
C |
3,611,806 |
2,575,673 |
40% |
D |
117,699 |
77,964 |
51% |
E |
214,736 |
154,376 |
39% |
F |
950,937 |
420,863 |
126% |
G |
2,008,513 |
1,179,150 |
70% |
H |
904,956 |
796,972 |
14% |
I |
861,531 |
456,470 |
89% |
J |
422,664 |
354,050 |
19% |
K |
517,387 |
409,564 |
26% |
L |
71,872 |
20,186 |
256% |
M |
558,547 |
234,672 |
138% |
N |
767,888 |
655,111 |
17% |
O |
1,287,970 |
. |
. |
P |
1,400,475 |
43,134 |
3147% |
Q |
1,506,917 |
398,863 |
278% |
R |
168,455 |
73,887 |
128% |
S |
418,860 |
71,425 |
486% |
B_S |
15,823,349 |
7,946,319 |
99% |
see Annex 2
|
Not requested. |
8.4 Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics |
|
8.5 Coherence - National Accounts |
|
8.6 Coherence - internal |
|
9. Accessibility and clarity |
|
9.1 Dissemination format - News release |
|
9.2 Dissemination format - Publications |
Dissemination scheme, including to whom the results are sent
|
Periodicity of national publication
|
References for publications of core results, including those with commentary in the form of text, graphs, maps, etc.
|
Information on what results, if any, are sent to reporting units included in the sample
|
Job vacancy rates are disseminated quarterly at the national level as follows:
- 45 days after the end of the reference quarter: a news page announcing the publication of preliminary estimates in the online datawarehouse I.Stat (http://dati.istat.it)
- around 76 days after the end of the reference quarter: a press release and the publication in the online datawarehouse I.Stat (http://dati.istat.it)
Furthermore, the job vacancy rates figures are transmitted quarterly to Eurostat via Edamis for the 45 and 70 day regulation deadlines.
|
Twice each quarter.
|
Web addresses:
for press releases:
- in Italian: http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/posti+vacanti
- in English: http://www.istat.it/en/archive/vacancies
- for I.Stat: http://dati.istat.it |
None.
|
|
9.3 Dissemination format - online database |
|
9.3.1 Data tables - consultations |
|
9.4 Dissemination format - microdata access |
|
9.5 Dissemination format - other |
|
9.6 Documentation on methodology |
|
9.7 Quality management - documentation |
Description of and references for metadata provided
|
References for core methodological documents relating to the statistics provided
|
Description of main actions carried out by the national statistical services to inform users about the data
|
Remarks
|
Metadata in the “Nota metodologica” disseminated together with the national press releases provide information on:
- definitions and concepts;
- main characteristics of the survey;
- editing, imputation and calibration methods;
- revisions;
- seasonal adjustment methods.
See: http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/125925
|
In-depth descriptions of the error prevention, data integration and editing and imputation methods applied in the quarterly survey on job vacancies and hours worked can be found in:
- Baldi, C., Bellisai, D., Fivizzani, S. and M. Sorrentino, “Prevenzione degli errori, integrazione dei dati e metodi statistici nel processo di controllo e correzione dell'Indagine trimestrale sui posti vacanti e le ore lavorate”, Istat, Contributi, n. 13/2008, Rome, 2008 (http://www3.istat.it/dati/pubbsci/contributi/Contributi/contr_2008/13_2008.pdf)
- Bellisai, D., Fivizzani, S. and M. Sorrentino, “A Business Survey on Job Vacancies: Integration with Other Sources and Calibration”, in Davino, C. and L. Fabbris (eds.), Survey Data Collection and Integration, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 2012
- Baldi, C., Bellisai, D., Fivizzani, S., Lucarelli A. and M. Sorrentino, “L’indagine trimestrale sui posti vacanti e le ore lavorate ed il passaggio alla classificazione Ateco 2007”, chapter 5 in Istat, “Il sistema degli indicatori congiunturali sulla domanda di lavoro e le retribuzioni in base 2005 e Ateco 2007”, Rome, Metodi e norme, 2013 (http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/97314)
Bellisai, D., Binci, S., Gigante, S., Libratore, A., Serbassi, L. and M. Sorrentino, “Verso la modernizzazione della produzione delle statistiche congiunturali sull’input di lavoro: il processo di integrazione tra la rilevazione mensile sulle grandi imprese e quella trimestrale sui posti vacanti e le ore lavorate”, Istat, Working Papers, n.11, 2013 (http://www.istat.it/it/files/2013/12/IWP_11_2013.pdf)
|
- the calendar of all the press releases of the year is published on the Istat Web Site (http://www.istat.it/it/informazioni/per-i-giornalisti/calendario-comunicati);
- an agenda of the press releases of the month is in evidence on the home page of the Istat Web Site (http://www.istat.it);
- a tweet is posted at the time of each press release by @istat_it and @istat_en.
|
|
|
9.7.1 Metadata completeness - rate |
|
9.7.2 Metadata - consultations |
|
10. Cost and Burden |
|
11. Confidentiality |
|
11.1 Confidentiality - policy |
|
11.2 Confidentiality - data treatment |
Disclosure rules: Brief description of when data have to be deleted for reasons of confidentiality
|
Italian figures on the number of job vacancies and occupied posts are confidential for all study domains. This is so far Istat dissemination policy.
Furthermore, the job vacancy rate figures are confidential until their first national release (for the preliminary estimates on the B to S aggregate, at 45 days after the end of the reference quarter; for the data by Nace sections, currently around 76 days after the end of the reference quarter). However, the data for Nace Rev. 2 section L remain confidential also after this date, due to the small size of the section.
Finally, once a year, when the data for the first quarter are disseminated, the figures for the previous two years are revised. Hence, also these revised figures are confidential until their first national release (which coincides with that of the data for the first quarter).
|
|
12. Comment |
|